Whitley, Peggy. "1920-1929." American Cultural History. Lone Star College-Kingwood Library, 1999. Web. 7 Feb. 2011This Web site was written and designed by Peggy Whitley. Ms. Whitley is a renowned historian who specializes in the post-world war i era, specifically the 1920s. The purpose of this website is to inform people of the culture of the 1920s, and provide a baseline of knowledge from which you can expand. The value of this source lies in its concise wording- clearly stating the influential facts/people of the 1920s and their effect. The limitation lies in its brevity as well. The lack of detail makes this source less informative and gives less context to the time.
"Lecture 8: The Age of Anxiety: Europe in the 1920s (1)." The History Guide. Web. 03 May 2012. <http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture8.html>.This site was written by Steven Kreis. Steven Kreis has extensive knowledge and education, earning his Ph.D. University of Missouri-Columbia (History, 1990), his M.A. University of Missouri-Columbia (History, 1984), as well as his B.A. Boston University (Philosophy and Political Science, 1977. The purpose of the site is to give an informative lecture on the Age of Anxiety, and the different factors which influenced it. The value of the source lies in the reliability of the author as well as the incredible source of information- clear and concise- but still informative. The limitation lies in the bias which the author has most likely developed through his years of research.
Wednesday, May 2, 2012
Nazis
Eugenic: The Nazis believed in purifying Germany to become a pure Aryan race. They wanted to breed the most physically fit, academically gifted, and those who conformed to the Aryan requirements. Nazis wanted to create a higher race. They prosecuted those who did not fit the "requirements" of superiority.
Führerprinzip (Leader Principle)/ Belief in the leader: responsibility up the ranks, and authority down the ranks. The Nazis believed strongly in rank and the responsibility which a man has to his country. Nazi Germany was built upon a loyalty to the Führer and the responsibility of the soldier to his country, and his superiors.
Anti- ______ist: Anti-Semitist, Anti-Marxist, Anti-Communist, Anti- Bolshevist (The Nazis stood against a lot of political movements, opposing an enormous amount of people.) Hitler used the downfalls of others, he used other's failures to promote himself and his party.
Führerprinzip (Leader Principle)/ Belief in the leader: responsibility up the ranks, and authority down the ranks. The Nazis believed strongly in rank and the responsibility which a man has to his country. Nazi Germany was built upon a loyalty to the Führer and the responsibility of the soldier to his country, and his superiors.
Anti- ______ist: Anti-Semitist, Anti-Marxist, Anti-Communist, Anti- Bolshevist (The Nazis stood against a lot of political movements, opposing an enormous amount of people.) Hitler used the downfalls of others, he used other's failures to promote himself and his party.
Mussolini
Mussolini understood that there was a need for a complete revolution of values to replace those of decadent and bankrupt bourgeois civilization. These values were not socialist, they were not communist and they certainly were not liberal. Mussolini sought to move beyond contemporary political ideologies and his solution was fascism. Mussolini apposed virtually all previous forms of government and sought to form his own, which gave him complete power.
Fascism stressed charismatic leadership, a dynamic leadership which would bring Italy away from the humiliation it had suffered since the late 19th century. Mussolini knew how to communicate with the masses and used popular demands to promote fascism. He had undeniable charisma, he knew how to simplify things for the citizens, added to his quick and articulate mind he became very popular in Italy.
Mussolini's fascism attempted to remove class antagonisms through nationalism and corporatism. The economy was organized and all producers -- from peasants and factory workers to intellectuals and industrialists -- were situated into twenty-two corporations to improve productivity and avoid industrial disputes. Mussolini sought this approach rather than the Marxist approach of the need for a proletariat uprising. Mussolini believed that this approach would help him successfully remove the class antagonism.
Fascism stressed charismatic leadership, a dynamic leadership which would bring Italy away from the humiliation it had suffered since the late 19th century. Mussolini knew how to communicate with the masses and used popular demands to promote fascism. He had undeniable charisma, he knew how to simplify things for the citizens, added to his quick and articulate mind he became very popular in Italy.
Mussolini's fascism attempted to remove class antagonisms through nationalism and corporatism. The economy was organized and all producers -- from peasants and factory workers to intellectuals and industrialists -- were situated into twenty-two corporations to improve productivity and avoid industrial disputes. Mussolini sought this approach rather than the Marxist approach of the need for a proletariat uprising. Mussolini believed that this approach would help him successfully remove the class antagonism.
Post WWI Political Outlooks
After the Great War, people throughout Europe were looking for a form of government which would solve their problems. Many thinkers formed new opinions about how a government should be run, and the manner in which a country, a people were to survive. Italian Fascism was not a consistent doctrine but rather a fusion of different ideas. It was successful, temporarily at least, because Italy was near total collapse. In Spain, Francisco Franco was forming a totalitarian government, and in Germany Hitler rose to power. The reason for these drastic governmental changes is due to the many problems that WWI had left behind, as well as the rebellion against previously instituted governments. Mussolini decided to take various opinions and standpoints to form a new government, one which he promised his citizens, would solve all their problems. Franco promised reprieve from the disorder which had been characteristic of the previous government. Hitler promised economic prosperity, and punishment to those who had caused their downfall. The War forced people to reevaluate the organization of their government. New ideas were formed, new leaders rose up, speaking of theories and plans to fix what had been wrong before. The great war was a large factor in the development of the new political ideas.
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